Material Covered: Urogenital System

Use the following letters to indicate your answer:

A: Only I is true
B: Only II is true
C: Both are true
D: Both are false

         II. Water is reabsorbed in the medulla of the kidney.
 

2.     I. There are typically 2 or 3 minor calices per kidney.

         II. Fat can be found in the renal sinus.
 

3.      I. In the kidney, the openings of the uriniferous ducts are in contact with
            a major calix.

         II. Renal pyramids are made of tubules and ducts.
 

4.     I. The left renal artery passes posteriorly across the inferior vena cava.

         II. The right gonadal artery passes posterior to the inferior vena cava.
 

5.     I. The right gonadal vein drains directly into the right renal vein.

         II. Arteries and veins among the kidney segments do not anastomose.
 

6.     I. The following are the names of the kidney segments: posterior, superior,
            anterior inferior, inferior and anterior superior.

         II. The gonadal arteries pass anterior to the renal ureters.
 

7.     I. At the pelvic brim, the urethra passes over the common iliac artery.  This is
            a common place for calculi lodging.

         II. Reflux of urine back into the kidney is called hyponephrosis.
 

8.     I. The detrusor muscle forms the internal face of the urinary trigone.

         II. The middle vesicle artery supplies blood to the posterior and anterior
            portion of the bladder.
 

9.     I. Part of the blood supply to the bladder comes from the inferior gluteal arteries.

         II. All of the venous blood from the bladder goes to the caval system.
 

10.     I. In the adult the empty bladder lies directly behind the pubic symphysis.

         II. The fossa navicularis is found at the distal end of the penile urethra.
 

11.     I.  The UG diaphragm can be found between the prostate gland and bladder.

         II. The bulbar portions of the male urethra is considered fixed.
 

12.     I. In the male the bulbospongiosus muscles are found on the penile bulb.

         II. The least dilatable portion of the male urethra is the internal urethral ostium.
 

13.     I. In the female the external urethral orifice is between the clitoris and the introitus.

         II. In multiparous women sagging of the anterior vaginal wall causes the
            bladder to descend leading to a weakening of the sphincter vesicae,
            causing incontinence.
 

14.     I. Injury to the pelvic splanchnic nerves, which carries parasympathetic fibers,
            would affect stimulation of the detrusor muscle.

         II. Hypogastric nerves contribute sympathetic postganglionic fibers
            to the pelvic plexus.
 

15.     I. Fibers from the pudendal nerve innervates the sphincter vesicae.

         II. A sensation of "fullness" of the bladder is conveyed by way of the pelvic
            splanchnic nerves.
 

16.     I.  The urogenital triangle is bounded posteriorly by a line drawn between the
            ischial tuberosities and laterally by the ischiopubic rami.

         II. The superficial transversus perinei muscle is posterior to most of deep
            transversus perinei muscle.
 
 

17.     I. The deep transversus perinei muscle is really two separate muscles.

         II. The ischiocavernosus muscle is attached to the perineal body.
 

18.     I. A portion of the puborectalis muscle runs deep to the UG diaphragm.

         II. The puborectalis muscle is the most superior of the levator ani muscles.
 

19.     I. To see the majority of the internal obturator muscle one would want to
            view the pelvis from an anterior orientation.

         II. The external anal sphincter is attached to the anococcygeal ligament posteriorly.
 

20.     I. The levator ani muscle is medial and superior to the ischiorectal fossa.

         II. The anterior recess of the ischiorectal fossa is found superior to the
            UG diaphragm.
 

21.     I. Colle's fascia is superficial to the bulbospongiosus muscle.

         II. The deep transversus perineal muscle is in the deep perineal pouch.
 

22.     I. The dartos muscle is smooth muscle found in the scrotum.

         II. Buck's fascia is a named part of the membranous fascia layer of the
            superficial fascia.
 

23.    I. Blockage of the superior mesenteric artery would lead to a
            compromise of blood flow to the rectal region.

         II. The inferior rectal artery is a branch off the internal pudendal artery.
 

24.     I. The middle rectal artery lies on the superior surface of the UG diaphragm.

         II. Blockage of the internal iliac artery could lead to loss of blood flow to
            the superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries.
 

25.   I. The superior rectal vein drains into the portal system.

         II. The pudendal canal is within the fascia of the pelvic diaphragm.
 

26.     I. Cutting the perineal nerve will lead to complete numbness of the clitoris.

         II. The pudendal nerve is made of S2-S4.
 

27.     I.  Cutting the pudendal nerve will affect contraction of the external anal sphincter.

         II. Above the dentate line lymphatic drainage goes to the superficial inguinal
            nodes.
 

28.     I. The deep artery of the penis is a branch of the internal pudendal artery.

         II. The hymen is a membrane typically covering the anterior portion of the
            introitus. It's absence or presence is not an accurate indicator of previous coitus.
 

29.     I. The minor vaginal lips have no adipose tissue.

         II. The bulbospongiosus muscles attach to the perineal body in the
            female but not the male.
 

30.     I. The greater vestibular glands are found in the posterior regions of the
            vestibular bulbs of the female.  These glands secrete a fluid that acts as
            a lubricant, aiding in sexual intercourse.

         II. The minor vaginal lips are a female analogue to the skin on the dorsal
            surface of the penis.
 

31.     I. The erectile tissue corpus cavernosum surrounds the urethra in the male.

         II. The corpus cavernosum in the female forms the vestibular bulbs.
 

32.     I. The body of the clitoris is attached to the pubic symphysis by a
        suspensory ligament.

         II. The crura of the penis are attached to the ischiopubic rami.
 

33.     I. The bulbourethral glands secretes a fructose solution during ejaculation,
            which supplies an energy source for sperm.

         II. A typical male will typically ejaculate 100 million sperm.
 

34.     I. Sperm is stored in the testicles until it is ejaculated.

         II. The prostate secretes a solution that helps liquefy semen.
 

35.     I. The ejaculatory duct enters the urethra inferior to the prostate.

         II. The lateral wall of the uterus make up the fundus region.
 

36.     I. The broad ligament is part of the peritoneum that covers the
            uterus and cervix.

         II. The uterine artery passes superior to the ureter.
 

37.     I. The majority of the uterus is posterior to the bladder.

         II. The uterovesical pouch is posterior to the uterus.
 

38.     I. The ovarian artery is a branch from the internal iliac artery.

         II. The round ligament of the ovary is anterior to the uterine artery.
 

39.     I. The oviduct is anterior to the ureter.

         II. The mesosalpinx is the region of the broad ligament that attaches
            to the oviduct.
 

40.     I. The suspensory ligament of the ovary attaches the ovary to the uterus.

         II. The round ligament runs through the inguinal canal and attaches to the
            minor lips of the vagina.
 

41.     I. The round ligament is the analogue to the spermatic cord in the male.

         II. The isthmus of the oviduct attaches to the uterus at the internal os.
 

42.     I. The fimbra is attached to the ampulla of the oviduct.

         II. The dorsal artery of the penis is deep to Buck's fascia.
 

43.     I.  Each testicle is in it's own discrete compartment in the superficial
            perineal pouch.

         II. The superficial perineal fascia forms the superior wall of the superficial
            compartment of the superficial pouch.
 

44.     I. The prostatic urethra is the widest portion of the male urethra.

         II. The anal and urogenital triangles are oriented approximately
            90 degrees from each other.
 

45.     I. The lateral boundaries of the UG is formed by the sacrotuberous ligaments.

         II. The levator ani muscles are made of several muscle including the
            coccygeus and puborectalis muscles.
 

46.     I. During defecation the puborectalis muscle contracts and internal/external
            anal sphincters relax allowing the passage of stool.

         II.  Inferior and superior rectal veins anastomose in the rectal (anal) columns.
 

47.     I. Above the dentate line sensory innervation of the anal canal is through
            visceral sensory system.

         II. The venous plexus of the pelvis is unvalved.
 

48.     I. The mons pubis is a fatty pad anterior to the pubic symphysis.
            This adipose tissue is continuous with the adipose tissue found in the major
            lips of the vagina.

         II. Semen is alkaline, which serves to neutralize the acid condition of the
            urethra and vagina.
 

49.    I. The location of the excess adipose tissue in lower abdominal area is deep
            to Scarpa's fascia.

         II. A typical male will ejaculate about 3 ml of semen during orgasm.
 

50.     I. The ampulla is a wide area of the oviduct, which is connected to the
            infundibulum.

         II. The ovarian ligament connects the ovary to the uterus.

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