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Biological Abstracts This information comes from EbscoHost database. |
Welcome to the Biological Abstracts Database Information Screen! Browse the topics listed below to find what you are looking for:
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There are a number of helpful tips and hints you can use to improve your search results. For example, you can use Boolean operators to link search terms together; and/or limit the search to a specific title.
Note: Stopwords are commonly used words such as articles, pronouns, and prepositions. These words are not indexed for searching in the database. For example, 'the', 'for', and 'of' are stopwords. When a stopword is used in a query, any single word or no word is retrieved in place of the stopword.
Sometimes a search can be overly general (results equal too many hits) or overly specific (results equal too few hits). To fine-tune your search, you can use AND, OR, and NOT operators to link your search words together. These operators will help you narrow or broaden your search to better express the terms you are looking for and to retrieve the exact information you need quickly.
USING THE "AND" OPERATOR: If you have a search term that is too general, you can append several terms together using "AND". By stringing key terms together, you can further define your search and reduce the number of results. Note: Unless you define a specific search field, the result list will contain references where all your search terms are located in either the citation, full display or full text.
• For example, type organisms AND diseases to find results that refer to both "organisms" and "diseases".
USING THE "OR" OPERATOR: In order to broaden a search, you can link terms together by using the "OR" operator. By using "OR" to link your terms together you can find documents on many topics. Linked by this operator, your words are searched simultaneously and independently of each other.
• As an example, search organisms AND diseases OR rehabilitation to find results that reference the terms "organisms" and "diseases", or the term "rehabilitation".
USING THE "NOT" OPERATOR: In order to narrow a search, you can link words together by using the "NOT" operator. This operator will help you to filter out specific topics you do not wish included as part of your search.
Parentheses also may be used to control a search query. Without Parentheses, a search is executed from left to right. Words that you enclose in Parentheses are searched first. Why is this important? Parentheses allow you to control and define the way the search will be executed. The left phrase in Parentheses is searched first; then based upon those results the second phrase in Parentheses is searched.
Generalized Search: organisms or diseases and rehabilitation or germs Focused Search:(organisms or diseases) and (rehabilitation or germs)
In the first example, the search will retrieve everything on organisms or diseases or rehabilitation AS WELL AS everything on germs whether or not the articles refer to organisms or diseases.
In the second example, we have used Parentheses to control our query to only find articles about rehabilitation or germs that reference diseases or organisms.
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The default fields for unqualified searches consist of the following: Title, Original Title, Author, Author Affiliation, Abstract, Chemicals, Conference Name, Organisms, Major Concepts, Super Taxa, Book Title, Book Editor, Book Publisher, Misc. Descriptors, Methods and Equipment, Alternative Indexing, Registry Number, Industry Name, Conference Sponsor, Abstract Available, Taxa Notes, Diseases, Parts& Structures, Geopolitical Descriptors, Time, Source, Sequence Data, Institutions & Organizations, Persons, Conference Location, Conference Date.
The following list will help you locate detailed information referenced in this database as a field.
Searchable
Tag Description Example
AB Abstract AB clinical trials
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in
the abstract field
AF Author affiliation AF Harvard
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
author affiliation field
AN Accession Number AN BACD200000000613
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact
Accession number
AU Author AU Jones, T.
[Word Indexed] or
Searches for words in the AU Jones, Thomas
author field. Author's last
name followed by first name
or initial, and a middle
name or initial
BE Book Editor BE Braeuning, A.
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
book editor field
BP Book Publisher BP New York
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
book publisher field
BT Book Title BT Biology
[Word indexed]
Searches for words in the
book title field
CH Chemicals CH calcium
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
chemicals field
CO Conference or meeting name CO Proceedings
[Word indexed]
Searches for words in the
following fields: Conference,
Conference Sponsor
DE Major Concepts DE animal care
or [Word Indexed] or
MC Searches words in the major MC animal care
concept headings
DS Diseases DS malaria
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
diseases field
DT Date published DT 990901
[Numerically Indexed]
Searches for the date in
the YYMMDD format
GE Geopolitical locations GE France
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
Geopolitical locations field
IL Illustrations IL
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact
Illustrations
IB ISBN IB
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact
ISBN number
IN Industry Name IN Biological
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
Industry Name field
IS International Standard IS 00284793
Serial Number (ISSN)
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact
ISSN number
JI Journal Issue JI 15
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact journal
issue number; displays in the
Source field
JN Journal JN Nature Genetics
[Phrase indexed]
Searches for the exact
journal title
JV Volume JV 5
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact
journal volume number;
displays in the Source field
LA Language LA French
[Phrase indexed]
Searches for the exact
language
LO Local Bitmap LO
[Bitmaps]
Searches for bitmaps
MD Miscellaneous Descriptors MD Plant
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
Miscellaneous Descriptors
field
MH Alternative Indexing MH Dental Caries
[Word indexed]
Searches for words in the
Alternative indexing field
MQ Methods and Equipment MQ Microscope
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
methods and equipment field
MT Media Type MT
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact media
type
NC Institutions & Organizations NC France
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
Institutions and Organizations
field
NP Person(s) Named NP Smith
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
person(s) named field
OG Organisms OG medical
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
organisms field
OT Original Title OT Botanicae
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
original title field
PG Start Page PG 169
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact
start page
PT Publication Type PT company profile
[Phrase Indexed]
Searches for the exact
publication type,
values consist of the
following:
-Article
-Article: Erratum
-Annual Report
-Atlas
-Bibliography
-Biography
-Book
-Buyers Guide
-Company Profile
-Dictionary
-Directory
-Editorial
-Expert Opinion
-Glossary
-Index
-Interview
-Letter
-Literature Review
-Meeting
-Manual
-New Product Announcement
-News
-Obituary
-Product Review
-Software Review
-Standard
-Technical Report
PY Publication year PY 1999
[Numerically Indexed]
Searched for the publication
year in YYYY format
RN Registry Number RN 361-37-5:methysergide
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
registry number field
RT Record Type RT Abstract
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
record type field
SA Super Taxa Authority SA
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
Super Taxa authority field
SD Sequence Data SD Amino
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
sequence data field
SP Conference Sponsor SP Research Institute
[Word Indexed] for development
Searches for words in the
Conference Sponsors field
SO Source SO National
[Word indexed]
Searches for words in the
source field
ST Super Taxa ST viruses
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
Super Taxa field
SU Subjects SU algae
[Word Indexed]
Searches words in the
following fields:
Major Concepts, Time,
Super Taxa, Taxa Notes,
Diseases, Parts and Structures,
Geopolitical Descriptors,
Registry Number, Chemicals,
Organisms, Misc. Descriptors,
Methods and Equipment,
Alternative Indexing,
Sequence Data, Persons.
SY Parts & Structures SY skeletal system
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
Parts & Structures field
TI Title TI flower
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
following field:
Title, Original Title,
Book Title
TM Time TM age
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
time field
TN Taxa Notes TN bacteria
[Word Indexed]
Searches for words in the
Taxa Notes field
UC Update Code UC 19991214
[Numerically Indexed]
Searches the Updated Code field
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The following table explains the contents of each field in GeoRef record's detailed display (not all fields are listed in every record).
Field name Description
Title The title of the Document.
Original Title The Original un-translated title of the article.
Author(s) Author(s) last name followed by a first
initial, or name, and a middle initial
if available.
Author Affiliation Institutional affiliation of the first-listed
author and its geographical location.
Conference Name The title of a scientific meeting or conference,
including the location and date.
Source The source in which the article was published
and other publication information including
date of publication, volume/issue, and page
range of the article.
Book Title Title of a book, may also include book editor,
publisher, and address.
Original Book Title The original title of a book, may also include
book editor, publisher, and address.
Item URL The Item URL field contains the URL electronic
address for the item referenced in the source
document.
Journal URL The journal URL field contains the URL electronic
address for the journal.
Publication Year The date of publication in YYYY format.
Abstract An English-language synopsis or author abstract
of the source document.
Registry Numbers Registry Numbers of the article.
Major Concepts The broad subject areas in the life sciences
covered in the source document; assigned to
each citation by BIOSIS staff indexers.
Super Taxa High-level taxonomic terms which refer to broad
categories of organisms, including microorganisms.
Taxa Notes Common names of broad groups of organisms and
microorganisms mentioned in the source document.
Organisms The formal scientific name, or informal common
name, for organisms, the higher taxonomic
categories, or the names of cell lines mentioned
in the source document.
Diseases The names of human, animal, and plant diseases,
disorders, and pathological conditions as described
in the source document.
Chemicals The names of naturally occurring or synthetic
chemicals and chemical components that are
described in the source document.
Parts & Structures The components of organisms above the
macromolecular level as discussed in the
source document.
Geopolitical Locations Locations and place names mentioned in the
original source document.
Alternative The ALT field contains other types of indexing,
Indexing such as MeSH terms.
Miscellaneous Terms The Miscellaneous Terms field contains additional
words and phrases, added by BIOSIS editors, that
do not fit into any of the other fielded
categories. Literalizations are substituted for
special characters and symbols, such as Greek
letters.
Methods & Equipment The Methods & Equipment field contains information
on the methods, apparatus, and scientific
techniques mentioned in the source document.
Sequence Data The Sequence Data field contains databank
accession numbers, which are modified by
appropriate databanks and sequence types.
Person(s)Named The Person(s) Named field contains persons
discussed in the source document.
Industry Name The name of the industry.
Institution & Organization This field contains the name of a company,
organization, or institution mentioned in
the original source document.
Time The geological time period or era mentioned in
the original source document.
Language The language(s) in which the source document was
published.
Summary Language The Summary Language field contains the language
in which the source document abstracts were
published, followed by a two-character language
abbreviation in parentheses. The term "Non-English"
is also included in this field for documents
published in any language other than English.
ISSN The ISSN assigned to the serial title.
ISBN The ISBN assigned to the article.
Publication Type Identifies the general type of the document such as
Article, Bibliography, Book, etc.
Media Type The media type of the article.
Record Type The type of record.
Author URL The author URL contains the electronic address for
an author or inventor.
of the author or inventor.
Conference URL The conference URL contains the electronic address
of the conference.
Update Code The Update code of the article.
Accession Number A unique number used to identify each document.
Note Notes of the article.
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