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Biology 425 (Undergraduate Credit) or 5425 (Graduate Credit)
Instructor: Dr. Stan A. Baldwin
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Texts:
Fundamental Neuroscience, 3rd Edition, by Duane Haines
Neuroanatomy: An Atlas of Structure, Sections and Systems, 7th Edition, by Duane Haines
Cranial Nerves, 2nd Edition, by Linda Wilson-Pauwels et al.
Gray's Anatomy for Students, by Drake, Vogl and Mitchell
Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, 11th Edition, by Agur and Dalley
OR
Atlas of Human Anatomy, 4th Edition, by Netter
Color Atlas of Anatomy, 6th Edition, by Rohen and Yokochi
How (and Where) Does Moral Judgement Work?
Neural Basis of Economic Decistion
Hearing Colors, Tasting Shapes, Ramachandran
Emotional Dog Rational Tail
5
semester hours credit. 4 hours lecture/3 hours lab per week.
Offered
every fall.
The
laboratory component of the course involves learning detailed gross features
of
the human brain. We have numerous human cadaver brains cut at various
orientations
permitting
the student to see all salient structures. We also have numerous
human
brains
slices mounted on glass slides and stained in order to visualize microscopic
structures
of the brain stem and spinal cord.
Below is an outline of topics covered in the Human Neuroanatomy course.
Gross
Brain and Spinal Cord
Students
will learn all of the gyri and sulci of the human brain, understand
the
function the major Brodmann's area, and understand the behavioral
manifestations
when any of these areas are damaged by trauma, stroke
or
tumors.
Spinal
Cord Tracts
Students
will learn the location of the major ascending white matter spinal
cord
tracts and the sensory modalities that they carry. All major descending
motor
tracts will be discussed including tracts from the cortex, cerebellum,
reticular
formation, vestibular system and parasympathetic and sympathetic
tracts.
Major spinal nuclei of the gray matter will be covered, e.g., substantia
gelatinosa,
nucleus proprius, dorsal nucleus of Clark, alpha and gamma motor
neurons.
The student will be able to locate the likely site and extent of spinal
cord
damage based upon clinical presentation of case studies.
Brain
Stem
This
section of the course covers the gross features of each of the 12 crainial
nerves
and follows their path throughout the head and face. Many of the
cranial
nerves have miultiple nuclei controling sensory, motor and autonomic
crainial
nerve function. The student will be able to identify all the nuclei
on
Weil
stained human brain stem section on glass slides. Crainial nerves connect
to
various ganglia throughout the head and face. All of these ganglia
will be
discussed.
Blood supply to the brain stem will be mastered to the point that
the
student will be able to predict neurological deficits given the location
of
a
brain stem stroke.
Vestibular/Cochlear
Function
The
structure of the vestibule of the inner ear and all of its brain stem connections
will
be covered. The function of the semicircular canals, saccule and
utricle will be
discussed
on a cellular level. Attention will be given to vestibular control
of eye
movement
and cerebellar interphase for balance. Cholear function will also
be
covered
at a cellular level. The student will understand basic auditory physiology
and
cortical processing of sound. Students will learn some basic neurological
procedures
that tests the integraty of brain stem vestibular circuits.
Visual
System
A
detailed examination of the microanatomy of the eye will be covered.
Interaction
of
the various neural layers of the retina will be discussed as well as the
physiological
signals
sent via the optic nerve. The optic pathways in the white matter
tracks and
their
connections to the different regions of the visual cortex will be covered.
Emphasis
is given to clinical cases involving stroke damage to various parts of
the
brain
and how a given CVA at a specific brain region would affect vision.
Diencephalon
The
functions of thalamic nuclei in sensory, motor and limbic systems are covered.
The
role of the hypothalamus in regulating the autonomic nervous system
(parasymathetic
and sympathetic) as well as its influence on behavior is covered.
Motor
System
Motor
movement is covered intigrating the role of cerebellum nuclei, thalamic
nuclei,
and
the basal ganglia. Particular emphasis is place on clinical cases
involving
movement
disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's Chorea, Dystonia,
Ballismus,
brain stem and spinal cord trauma.
Limbic
System
The
limbic system serves as the basis for primitive emotions such as anger,
fear
and
sexual behavior. It also plays a critica role in memory function.
Limbic
brain
structures such as the amygdala, mammillary bodies and hippocampus
are
examined. The nerve tracts of the Papez circuit are discussed as
well as
limbic
efferent and afferent pathways integrating higher cortical regions.
Neocortex
Various
types of neurons found in the six layers of the human neocortex are covered
as
well as the associational and commissural cortical circuitry. Localized
function
of
Brodmann's areas and hemisphere function are examined. Emphasis is
place
on
behavioral outcomes of localized cortical trauma, understanding the relationship
between
specific Brodmann's area damage and the concomitant clinical outcome.
Human
Neuroanatomy Exam I
Human
Neuroanatomy Exam II
Human
Neuroanatomy Exam III
Society
for Neuroscience
Brain.com
Brain
Briefings
Neuroscience
Tutorial (Washington Univ. Medical School)
Neuroscience
for Kids
More
Neuroscience Links